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--- | ||||||
title: Scaling Up with Reducer and Context | ||||||
title: Peningkatan Skala dengan Reducer dan Context | ||||||
--- | ||||||
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<Intro> | ||||||
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Reducers let you consolidate a component's state update logic. Context lets you pass information deep down to other components. You can combine reducers and context together to manage state of a complex screen. | ||||||
Reducer memungkinkan Anda untuk konsolidasi logika pembaruan *state* komponen. *Context* memungkinkan Anda untuk mengirim informasi ke komponen lain yang lebih dalam. Anda dapat menggabungkan *reducer* dan *context* bersama-sama untuk mengelola *state* layar yang kompleks. | ||||||
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</Intro> | ||||||
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<YouWillLearn> | ||||||
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* How to combine a reducer with context | ||||||
* How to avoid passing state and dispatch through props | ||||||
* How to keep context and state logic in a separate file | ||||||
* Bagaimana menggabungkan *reducer* dengan *context* | ||||||
* Bagaimana menghindari mengoper *state* dan *dispatch* melalui *props* | ||||||
* Bagaimana menjaga konteks dan logika *state* pada *file* terpisah | ||||||
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</YouWillLearn> | ||||||
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## Combining a reducer with context {/*combining-a-reducer-with-context*/} | ||||||
## Menggabungkan *reducer* dengan *context* {/*combining-a-reducer-with-context*/} | ||||||
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In this example from [the introduction to reducers](/learn/extracting-state-logic-into-a-reducer), the state is managed by a reducer. The reducer function contains all of the state update logic and is declared at the bottom of this file: | ||||||
Pada contoh dari [pengenalan *reducer*](/learn/extracting-state-logic-into-a-reducer), *state* dikelola oleh *reducer*. Fungsi *reducer* berisi semua logika pembaruan *state* dan dinyatakan di bagian bawah *file* ini: | ||||||
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<Sandpack> | ||||||
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</Sandpack> | ||||||
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A reducer helps keep the event handlers short and concise. However, as your app grows, you might run into another difficulty. **Currently, the `tasks` state and the `dispatch` function are only available in the top-level `TaskApp` component.** To let other components read the list of tasks or change it, you have to explicitly [pass down](/learn/passing-props-to-a-component) the current state and the event handlers that change it as props. | ||||||
*Reducer* membantu menjaga event handlers menjadi singkat dan ringkas. Namun, ketika aplikasi Anda berkembang, Anda mungkin akan menemukan kesulitan lain. Saat ini, *state* `tugas` dan fungsi `dispatch` hanya tersedia di komponen `TaskApp` level atas. Untuk memungkinkan komponen lain membaca daftar tugas atau mengubahnya, Anda harus secara eksplisit [meneruskan](/learn/passing-props-to-a-component) *state* saat ini dan event handlers yang mengubahnya sebagai props. | ||||||
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For example, `TaskApp` passes a list of tasks and the event handlers to `TaskList`: | ||||||
Misalnya, `TaskApp` meneruskan daftar tugas dan *event handlers* ke `TaskList`: | ||||||
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```js | ||||||
<TaskList | ||||||
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/> | ||||||
``` | ||||||
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And `TaskList` passes the event handlers to `Task`: | ||||||
Dan `TaskList` mengoper *event handlers* ke `Task`: | ||||||
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```js | ||||||
<Task | ||||||
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/> | ||||||
``` | ||||||
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In a small example like this, this works well, but if you have tens or hundreds of components in the middle, passing down all state and functions can be quite frustrating! | ||||||
Dalam contoh kecil seperti ini, cara ini dapat berfungsi dengan baik, namun jika Anda memiliki puluhan atau ratusan komponen di tengah, meneruskan semua *state* dan fungsi dapat sangat menjengkelkan! | ||||||
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This is why, as an alternative to passing them through props, you might want to put both the `tasks` state and the `dispatch` function [into context.](/learn/passing-data-deeply-with-context) **This way, any component below `TaskApp` in the tree can read the tasks and dispatch actions without the repetitive "prop drilling".** | ||||||
Inilah mengapa, sebagai alternatif untuk melewatkan melalui props, Anda mungkin ingin menempatkan baik *state* `tugas` maupun fungsi `dispatch` [ke dalam _context_](/learn/passing-data-deeply-with-context) . **Dengan cara ini, komponen apa pun di bawah `TaskApp` dalam pohon(*tree*) dapat membaca tugas dan melakukan aksi *dispatch* tanpa “*prop drilling*” yang berulang.** | ||||||
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Here is how you can combine a reducer with context: | ||||||
Berikut adalah cara menggabungkan *reducer* dengan conteks: | ||||||
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1. **Create** the context. | ||||||
2. **Put** state and dispatch into context. | ||||||
3. **Use** context anywhere in the tree. | ||||||
1. **Buatlah** *context*. | ||||||
2. **Letakkan** *state* dan *dispatch* ke dalam *context*. | ||||||
3. **Gunakan** *context* di mana saja dalam *tree*. | ||||||
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### Step 1: Create the context {/*step-1-create-the-context*/} | ||||||
### Langkah 1: Buat conteks {/*step-1-create-the-context*/} | ||||||
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The `useReducer` Hook returns the current `tasks` and the `dispatch` function that lets you update them: | ||||||
Hook `useReducer` mengembalikan `tugas` saat ini dan fungsi `dispatch` yang memungkinkan Anda memperbarui tugas: | ||||||
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```js | ||||||
const [tasks, dispatch] = useReducer(tasksReducer, initialTasks); | ||||||
``` | ||||||
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To pass them down the tree, you will [create](/learn/passing-data-deeply-with-context#step-2-use-the-context) two separate contexts: | ||||||
Untuk meneruskannya ke dalam *tree*, Anda akan [membuat](/learn/passing-data-deeply-with-context#step-2-use-the-context) dua *contexts* terpisah: | ||||||
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- `TasksContext` provides the current list of tasks. | ||||||
- `TasksDispatchContext` provides the function that lets components dispatch actions. | ||||||
- `TasksContext` menyediakan daftar tugas saat ini. | ||||||
- `TasksDispatchContext` menyediakan fungsi yang memungkinkan komponen melakukan aksi *dispatch*. | ||||||
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Export them from a separate file so that you can later import them from other files: | ||||||
Kemudian ekspor keduanya dari *file* terpisah agar nantinya dapat diimpor dari *file* lain: | ||||||
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<Sandpack> | ||||||
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</Sandpack> | ||||||
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Here, you're passing `null` as the default value to both contexts. The actual values will be provided by the `TaskApp` component. | ||||||
Di sini, Anda meneruskan `null` sebagai nilai *default* ke kedua *context*. Nilai aktual akan disediakan oleh komponen `TaskApp`. | ||||||
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### Step 2: Put state and dispatch into context {/*step-2-put-state-and-dispatch-into-context*/} | ||||||
### Langkah 2: Letakkan *state* dan *dispatch* ke dalam *context* {/*step-2-put-state-and-dispatch-into-context*/} | ||||||
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Now you can import both contexts in your `TaskApp` component. Take the `tasks` and `dispatch` returned by `useReducer()` and [provide them](/learn/passing-data-deeply-with-context#step-3-provide-the-context) to the entire tree below: | ||||||
Sekarang Anda dapat mengimpor kedua *context* di komponen `TaskApp` Anda. Ambil `tugas` dan `dispatch` yang dikembalikan oleh `useReducer()` dan [sediakan mereka](/learn/passing-data-deeply-with-context#step-3-provide-the-context) ke seluruh *tree* di bawah: | ||||||
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We shouldn't translate |
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```js {4,7-8} | ||||||
import { TasksContext, TasksDispatchContext } from './TasksContext.js'; | ||||||
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} | ||||||
``` | ||||||
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For now, you pass the information both via props and in context: | ||||||
Saat ini, Anda meneruskan informasi baik melalui *props* maupun melalui *context*: | ||||||
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<Sandpack> | ||||||
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</Sandpack> | ||||||
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In the next step, you will remove prop passing. | ||||||
Pada langkah selanjutnya, Anda akan menghapus pengoperan *prop*. | ||||||
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### Step 3: Use context anywhere in the tree {/*step-3-use-context-anywhere-in-the-tree*/} | ||||||
### Langkah 3: Gunakan *context* di mana saja dalam *tree* {/*step-3-use-context-anywhere-in-the-tree*/} | ||||||
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Suggested change
We can translate tree into pohon subsequently because we have introduced the word multiple times above. |
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Now you don't need to pass the list of tasks or the event handlers down the tree: | ||||||
Sekarang Anda tidak perlu lagi meneruskan daftar tugas atau *event handler* ke bawah *tree*: | ||||||
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```js {4-5} | ||||||
<TasksContext.Provider value={tasks}> | ||||||
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</TasksContext.Provider> | ||||||
``` | ||||||
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Instead, any component that needs the task list can read it from the `TaskContext`: | ||||||
Sebaliknya, komponen mana pun yang memerlukan daftar tugas dapat membacanya dari `TaskContext`: | ||||||
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```js {2} | ||||||
export default function TaskList() { | ||||||
const tasks = useContext(TasksContext); | ||||||
// ... | ||||||
``` | ||||||
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To update the task list, any component can read the `dispatch` function from context and call it: | ||||||
Untuk memperbarui daftar tugas, komponen mana pun dapat membaca fungsi `dispatch` dari *context* dan memanggilnya: | ||||||
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```js {3,9-13} | ||||||
export default function AddTask() { | ||||||
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// ... | ||||||
``` | ||||||
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**The `TaskApp` component does not pass any event handlers down, and the `TaskList` does not pass any event handlers to the `Task` component either.** Each component reads the context that it needs: | ||||||
**Komponen `TaskApp` tidak meneruskan *event handler* ke bawah, dan `TaskList` juga tidak meneruskan event handler ke komponen `Task`.** Setiap komponen membaca *context* yang dibutuhkannya: | ||||||
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<Sandpack> | ||||||
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</Sandpack> | ||||||
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**The state still "lives" in the top-level `TaskApp` component, managed with `useReducer`.** But its `tasks` and `dispatch` are now available to every component below in the tree by importing and using these contexts. | ||||||
***State* masih "berada" di dalam komponen `TaskApp` level atas, dikelola dengan `useReducer`.** Tetapi daftar `tugas` dan fungsi `dispatch` sekarang tersedia untuk setiap komponen di bawahnya dalam *tree* dengan mengimpor dan menggunakan *context* tersebut. | ||||||
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## Moving all wiring into a single file {/*moving-all-wiring-into-a-single-file*/} | ||||||
## Memindahkan semua penghubung ke satu file {/*moving-all-wiring-into-a-single-file*/} | ||||||
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You don't have to do this, but you could further declutter the components by moving both reducer and context into a single file. Currently, `TasksContext.js` contains only two context declarations: | ||||||
Anda tidak harus melakukannya, tetapi Anda dapat membersihkan komponen dengan memindahkan *reducer* dan *context* ke dalam satu file. Saat ini, `TasksContext.js` hanya berisi dua deklarasi *context*: | ||||||
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```js | ||||||
import { createContext } from 'react'; | ||||||
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export const TasksDispatchContext = createContext(null); | ||||||
``` | ||||||
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This file is about to get crowded! You'll move the reducer into that same file. Then you'll declare a new `TasksProvider` component in the same file. This component will tie all the pieces together: | ||||||
*File* ini akan semakin ramai! Anda akan memindahkan *reducer* ke dalam *file* yang sama. Kemudian Anda akan mendeklarasikan komponen `TasksProvider` baru dalam *file* yang sama. Komponen ini akan mengikat semua bagian bersama-sama: | ||||||
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1. It will manage the state with a reducer. | ||||||
2. It will provide both contexts to components below. | ||||||
3. It will [take `children` as a prop](/learn/passing-props-to-a-component#passing-jsx-as-children) so you can pass JSX to it. | ||||||
1. Ia akan mengelola *state* dengan *reducer*. | ||||||
2. Ia akan menyediakan kedua *context* ke komponen di bawahnya. | ||||||
3. Ia akan mengambil [*children* sebagai prop](/learn/passing-props-to-a-component#passing-jsx-as-children) sehingga Anda dapat mengoper JSX padanya. | ||||||
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```js | ||||||
export function TasksProvider({ children }) { | ||||||
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} | ||||||
``` | ||||||
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**This removes all the complexity and wiring from your `TaskApp` component:** | ||||||
**Ini menghilangkan semua kompleksitas dan penghubung dari komponen `TaskApp` Anda:** | ||||||
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<Sandpack> | ||||||
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</Sandpack> | ||||||
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You can also export functions that _use_ the context from `TasksContext.js`: | ||||||
Anda juga dapat mengekspor fungsi-fungsi yang *menggunakan* *context* dari `TasksContext.js`: | ||||||
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```js | ||||||
export function useTasks() { | ||||||
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} | ||||||
``` | ||||||
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When a component needs to read context, it can do it through these functions: | ||||||
Ketika sebuah komponen perlu membaca *context*, dapat dilakukan melalui fungsi-fungsi ini: | ||||||
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```js | ||||||
const tasks = useTasks(); | ||||||
const dispatch = useTasksDispatch(); | ||||||
``` | ||||||
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This doesn't change the behavior in any way, but it lets you later split these contexts further or add some logic to these functions. **Now all of the context and reducer wiring is in `TasksContext.js`. This keeps the components clean and uncluttered, focused on what they display rather than where they get the data:** | ||||||
Hal ini tidak mengubah perilaku secara apa pun, tetapi memungkinkan Anda untuk memisahkan *context* ini lebih lanjut atau menambahkan beberapa logika ke fungsi-fungsi ini. **Sekarang semua pengaturan *context* dan *reducer* ada di `TasksContext.js`. Ini menjaga komponen tetap bersih dan tidak berantakan, fokus pada apa yang mereka tampilkan daripada dari mana mereka mendapatkan data:** | ||||||
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<Sandpack> | ||||||
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</Sandpack> | ||||||
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You can think of `TasksProvider` as a part of the screen that knows how to deal with tasks, `useTasks` as a way to read them, and `useTasksDispatch` as a way to update them from any component below in the tree. | ||||||
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Anda dapat memandang `TasksProvider` sebagai bagian dari layar yang tahu cara menangani tugas, `useTasks` sebagai cara untuk membacanya, dan `useTasksDispatch` sebagai cara untuk memperbaruinya dari komponen mana pun di bawah *tree*. | ||||||
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<Note> | ||||||
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Functions like `useTasks` and `useTasksDispatch` are called *[Custom Hooks.](/learn/reusing-logic-with-custom-hooks)* Your function is considered a custom Hook if its name starts with `use`. This lets you use other Hooks, like `useContext`, inside it. | ||||||
Fungsi-fungsi seperti `useTasks` dan `useTasksDispatch` disebut dengan *[Hook Custom](/learn/reusing-logic-with-custom-hooks)*. Fungsi Anda dianggap sebagai *Hook custom* jika namanya dimulai dengan `use`. Ini memungkinkan Anda menggunakan Hooks lain, seperti `useContext`, di dalamnya. | ||||||
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</Note> | ||||||
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As your app grows, you may have many context-reducer pairs like this. This is a powerful way to scale your app and [lift state up](/learn/sharing-state-between-components) without too much work whenever you want to access the data deep in the tree. | ||||||
Seiring dengan pertumbuhan aplikasi Anda, mungkin Anda akan memiliki banyak pasangan _context-reducer_ seperti ini. Ini adalah cara yang kuat untuk meningkatkan aplikasi Anda dan [mengangkat *state* ke atas](/learn/sharing-state-between-components) tanpa terlalu banyak pekerjaan setiap kali Anda ingin mengakses data yang dalam di dalam *tree*. | ||||||
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<Recap> | ||||||
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- You can combine reducer with context to let any component read and update state above it. | ||||||
- To provide state and the dispatch function to components below: | ||||||
1. Create two contexts (for state and for dispatch functions). | ||||||
2. Provide both contexts from the component that uses the reducer. | ||||||
3. Use either context from components that need to read them. | ||||||
- You can further declutter the components by moving all wiring into one file. | ||||||
- You can export a component like `TasksProvider` that provides context. | ||||||
- You can also export custom Hooks like `useTasks` and `useTasksDispatch` to read it. | ||||||
- You can have many context-reducer pairs like this in your app. | ||||||
- Anda dapat menggabungkan *reducer* dengan *context* untuk memungkinkan komponen mana pun membaca dan memperbarui *state* di atasnya. | ||||||
- Untuk menyediakan *state* dan fungsi *dispatch* ke komponen di bawah: | ||||||
1. Buat dua *context* (untuk *state* dan untuk fungsi *dispatch*). | ||||||
2. Sediakan kedua *context* dari komponen yang menggunakan *reducer*. | ||||||
3. Gunakan salah satu *context* dari komponen yang perlu membacanya. | ||||||
- Anda dapat memindahkan seluruh penghubung ke satu *file* untuk memperjelas komponen. | ||||||
- Anda dapat mengekspor komponen seperti `TasksProvider` yang menyediakan *context*. | ||||||
- Anda juga dapat mengekspor *Hooks Custom* seperti `useTasks` dan `useTasksDispatch` untuk membacanya. | ||||||
- Anda dapat memiliki banyak pasangan *context-reducer* seperti ini di aplikasi Anda. | ||||||
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</Recap> | ||||||
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